WAR

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   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_War#Treaty or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_War#Treaty ;The Seleucid–Mauryan War was a confrontation between the Seleucid and Mauryan empires that took place somewhere between 305 and 303 BCE,^[2] when Seleucus I Nicator of the Seleucid Empire crossed the Indus river into the former Indian satrapies of the Macedonian Empire, which had been conquered by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire.
The confrontation resulted in a dynastic marriage-alliance between Seleucus and Chandragupta, the gift of war elephants to Seleucus, and the transferring of control over the Indus Valley region and (possibly)^[3] part of Afghanistan to Chandragupta.^[b] The alliance freed Seleucus to turn his attention toward his rivals in the west, while Chandragupta secured control over the areas that he had sought, the Maurya Empire emerging as the dominant power of the Indian subcontinent. 

DJ...2025 + 305=2330 years ago a successor of one of Alexander the Great/Greek kings did fight "pre-India kings" close to where now India borders Pakistan...
The Persian provinces in what is now modern Afghanistan, together with the wealthy kingdom of Gandhara and the states of the Indus Valley, had all submitted to Alexander the Great and become part of his empire. When Alexander died, the Wars of the Diadochi ("Successors") split his empire apart; as his generals fought for control of Alexander's empire. In the eastern territories one of these generals, Seleucus I Nicator, was taking control and was starting to establish what became known as the Seleucid Empire. 
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"India, after the death of Alexander, had assassinated his prefects, as if shaking the burden of servitude. The author of this liberation was Sandracottos [Chandragupta], but he had transformed liberation in servitude after victory, since, after taking the throne, he himself oppressed the very people he has liberated from foreign domination."
— Junianus Justinus, Histoires Philippiques Liber, XV.4.12-13 ^[7]

DJ, There is NO excuse for killing fellow humans ! Rulers ordering others to kill are NOT working in public service and should go....War is unacceptable and has to end before it ends us....if we fail to learn we are history...

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Dutch Josh 2 Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 21 Aug 2024 Status: Online Points: 2007	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh 2 Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 2 hours 4 minutes ago at 11:50pm
	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_War#Treaty or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_War#Treaty ; The Seleucid–Mauryan War was a confrontation between the Seleucid and Mauryan empires that took place somewhere between 305 and 303 BCE,^[2] when Seleucus I Nicator of the Seleucid Empire crossed the Indus river into the former Indian satrapies of the Macedonian Empire, which had been conquered by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire. The confrontation resulted in a dynastic marriage-alliance between Seleucus and Chandragupta, the gift of war elephants to Seleucus, and the transferring of control over the Indus Valley region and (possibly)^[3] part of Afghanistan to Chandragupta.^[b] The alliance freed Seleucus to turn his attention toward his rivals in the west, while Chandragupta secured control over the areas that he had sought, the Maurya Empire emerging as the dominant power of the Indian subcontinent. DJ...2025 + 305=2330 years ago a successor of one of Alexander the Great/Greek kings did fight "pre-India kings" close to where now India borders Pakistan... The Persian provinces in what is now modern Afghanistan, together with the wealthy kingdom of Gandhara and the states of the Indus Valley, had all submitted to Alexander the Great and become part of his empire. When Alexander died, the Wars of the Diadochi ("Successors") split his empire apart; as his generals fought for control of Alexander's empire. In the eastern territories one of these generals, Seleucus I Nicator, was taking control and was starting to establish what became known as the Seleucid Empire. - "India, after the death of Alexander, had assassinated his prefects, as if shaking the burden of servitude. The author of this liberation was Sandracottos [Chandragupta], but he had transformed liberation in servitude after victory, since, after taking the throne, he himself oppressed the very people he has liberated from foreign domination." — Junianus Justinus, Histoires Philippiques Liber, XV.4.12-13 ^[7] DJ, There is NO excuse for killing fellow humans ! Rulers ordering others to kill are NOT working in public service and should go....War is unacceptable and has to end before it ends us....if we fail to learn we are history...

Dutch Josh 2 Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 21 Aug 2024 Status: Online Points: 2007	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh 2 Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 1 hour 52 minutes ago at 12:02am
	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty ; The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, arranged and negotiated by the World Bank, to use the water available in the Indus River and its tributaries.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] It was signed in Karachi on 19 September 1960 by then Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and then Pakistani president Ayub Khan.^[6]^[2] The Treaty gives India control over the waters of the three 'Eastern Rivers'—the Beas, Ravi and Sutlej,—which have a total mean annual flow of 41 billion cubic metres. Control over the three 'Western Rivers'—the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum—which have a total mean annual flow of 99 billion cubic metres, was given to Pakistan.^[7] India received control of 30% of the total water carried by the rivers, while Pakistan received 70%.^[8]^[9] The treaty allows India to use the water of Western Rivers for limited irrigation use and unlimited non-consumptive uses such as power generation, navigation, floating of property, fish culture, etc.^[10] It lays down detailed regulations for India in building projects over the Western Rivers. The preamble of the treaty recognises the rights and obligations of each country for the optimum water use from the Indus System of Rivers in a spirit of goodwill, friendship and cooperation. Though the treaty is not directly related to national security, Pakistan, being located downstream of India, fears that India could potentially cause floods or droughts in Pakistan, especially during a potential conflict.^[11]^[12] Since the ratification of the treaty in 1960, most disputes have been settled via the legal framework provided by the treaty, despite several military conflicts having occurred between the two countries.^[13] The treaty was suspended for the first time by the Government of India on 23 April 2025, following the 2025 Pahalgam attack. Pakistani concerns [edit] Pakistan raised concerns with World Bank regarding India's new dam project on the Chenab River, saying that it is not in conformity with the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) and argued that India could use these reservoirs to create artificial water shortage or flooding in Pakistan.^[70] In 2019, in the aftermath of the Pulwama attack, the Union Minister for Water Resources and a senior leader in the ruling party BJP Nitin Gadkari said that all water flowing from India will be diverted to Indian states to punish Pakistan for an alleged connection to the attack, something which the Pakistani Government denied and condemned. Union Minister of State for Jal Shakti Rattan Lal Kataria said that "every effort is made" to stop the flow of water downstream from the three assigned rivers.^[71]^[72] DJ, Similar conflicts/risks over water play a.o. in NE Africa/Nile...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Nile or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Nile ;The Blue Nile^{[note 1]} is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season. DJ, Egypt did NOT welcome Ethiopia building (hydro power) dams in the Blue Nile... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)#Joint_Utilization_Zone or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)#Joint_Utilization_Zone ; On 4 November 2018, a team of ten people from North Korea and ten from South Korea began a joint inter-Korean survey which will lead to the development a Joint Utilization Zone along the Han River's estuary.^[33]^[34] The zone will allow civilians to access the estuary for tourism, ecological protection and the collection of construction aggregate under the protection of militaries from both sides of the Korean border.^[33]^[34] On 5 November 2018, the councils of South Korea's Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces, which border the DMZ, signed a "peace working agreement" at Dorasan Station in Paju, giving local approval to the Joint Utilization Zone.^[35] DJ, Also the Korea conflict may see water as a weapon...Dams can contain water...blowing up/opening dams can result in flooding/drought... Even in UKraine (blowing up) dams is part of war fare...used by both sides...

Dutch Josh 2 Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 21 Aug 2024 Status: Online Points: 2007	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh 2 Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 4 minutes ago at 1:50am
	https://nltimes.nl/2025/05/02/netherlands-rises-one-place-press-freedom-index-warned-increasing-threats or https://nltimes.nl/2025/05/02/netherlands-rises-one-place-press-freedom-index-warned-increasing-threats ; The Netherlands rises one place on press freedom index; Warned for increasing threats The Netherlands has risen one spot to third place in the annual press freedom index of Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF). This is partly thanks to the convictions of six suspects for the murder of crime journalist Peter R. de Vries. The government’s decision to abolish plans for a VAT increase on the media sector was also taken into account. The RSF also noted that the government plans regarding the VAT increase and “an attempt to weaken the public media sector” are threatening the Netherlands’ high classification. The fact that The Netherlands climbed one spot is “no reason for complacency,” said Free Press Unlimited director Ruth Kronenburg. “The number of threats is also increasing in the Netherlands. Legal intimidation is being used more often to censor journalists, and there is a political climate that undermines the trust in the media.” The state of press freedom globally has been designated “difficult” for the first time in the existence of the index. The increase in economic pressure is a significant threat to this. “Without economic independence, there can be no free press,” said RSF director Anne Bocande. RSF mentioned the decision by the United States to stop its financial aid to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. This could lead to millions of civilians losing access to reliable information. The U.S. dropped two places to 57th in this index. “The second term of President Donald Trump is leading to a concerning drop in press freedom.” Wars also cause regression in regard to press freedom. The situation in Gaza is “disastrous,” said the RSF. The Israeli army has “destroyed editorials, murdered almost 200 journalists, and closed off the strip to the outside world in the last 18 months.” As a result, press freedom in the occupied Palestinian areas is “completely absent,” and journalistic companies are in danger. The country dropped six places to 163rd. Israel is in the 112th spot, a drop of 11 places compared to last year. Norway topped the list for the ninth successive year, and Estonia came in second. Bottom of the list are China, North Korea, and Eritrea. Just above those three is Syria, which has risen two spots. A “thorough change” in the media landscape after the fall of the dictator Bashar al-Assad has not come to fruition as of yet, the RSF said. The journalist trade union NVJ were happy with the news, but they also see issues within the media landscape. "What more could you want, you might think. But we are still concerned about press freedom in the Netherlands," said Thomas Bruning of the NVJ. "Developments in the current Cabinet, especially from some of the members in it, are not what you would call encouraging. " Bruning criticized the Cabinet for their attacks on the public broadcaster. He also said that agriculture minister Femke Wiersma has been unwilling to be open about her position. Wiersma recently blocked a request for disclosure of farmers' emission data. That is "active obstruction", according to Bruning DJ, Most of the risks for freedom of expression do NOT come from "ordinary people disagreeing with government policies"...That group is side lined, ignored...The most major risk comes from politics/a rich elite buying/owning the press... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_Mafia or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_Mafia are ignored by a lot of "media"...

WAR

Pakistani concerns

The Netherlands rises one place on press freedom index; Warned for increasing threats